International Journal of Agricultural Engineering

P. B. Gaikwad ¹, P. U. Shahare ², S. V. Pathak ², V. V. Aware ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Rice is generally grown by transplanting seedlings in flooded field conditions or direct sowing depending upon the availability of water. Considering the need of Konkan region of Maharashtra, four row self propelled paddy transplanter was developed. The developed four row self propelled paddy transplanter consists of main frame, engine, gear box, transplanting mechanism, tray movement mechanism and drive system. The commercially available Honda-GK-200 petrol engine (3.5 hp) was selected as a prime mover. Laboratory test results showed that transplanting mechanism and feeding mechanism functions properly. During field trial the results reveal that hill spacing was 12 cm, the planting depth was observed to be 3 cm. The seedlings per hill and missing hills/m2 were observed to be 3.66 and 4.33, respectively. The total number hills/m² area was obtained as 30. Fuel consumption for the newly developed transplanter was 1.9 l/h. The field efficiency of the transplanter was 80.47 per cent. The field capacity of the transplanter was 0.14 ha/h.

Keywords

Paddy Transplanter, Mat Nursery, Puddled Field, Field Performance.

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V. B. Kadam ¹, V. V. Aware ¹, N. A. Shirsat ¹, P. U. Shahare ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Power and Machinery, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

India is the largest producer, processor, exporter, importer and second largest consumer of the cashew in the world. The manual shelling process is done with pedal operated cashew nut sheller in standing posture. The objective of this study was to develop the pedal operated cashew nut desheller in such way that it could operated in sitting postures to reduced the drudgery involved in the deshelling operation. The dimensions in the design of seat were used from available anthropometrics and strength data of women worker of Konkan region. The modified pedal operated cashew nut desheller was ergonomically evaluated on six women ranging from 20 to 45 years. The mean values of working heart rate, corresponding oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, per cent VO₂, ΔHR were 93.56 bpm, 0.39 l/min, 8.31kJ/min, 29.33 per cent, 10.54 bpm which were less than limit of continuous performance (LCP). The operation categorized into 'moderately heavy'. With the help of developed pedal operated cashew nut desheller, kernel recovery of cashew nut obtained 7.68 kg/day. The overall performance of the developed pedal operated cashew nut desheller was good.

Keywords

Cashew Nut, Pedal Operated Desheller, Ergonomics, Anthropometric Data.

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V. V. Aware ¹, C. R. Kavitkar ¹, M. R. Patil ¹, P. U. Shahare ¹, S. V. Aware ¹, N. A. Shirsat ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted at agronomy field DBSKKV, Dapoli, on the traditional method of paddy transplanting and manual paddy transplanter. Eight male and seven female workers were participated in this activity. The mean working heart rate (WHR) during traditional method of paddy transplanting for male and female subject were 105.9 (±4.01) and 106.97 (±3.39) bpm, respectively, While mean WHR for male workers with manual paddy transplanter was 128.44 (±12.38) bpm. The field capacity for traditional method of paddy transplanting for male and female workers were 0.0040 ha/h (40 m²/h) and 0.0038 ha/h (38 m²/h), respectively. The workloads for male and female workers was "Moderately heavy" for traditional method of paddy transplanting. The field capacity and field efficiency with manual paddy transplanter were 0.020 ha/h and 47.75 per cent, respectively, with 21(DAS) nursery. The workload was "heavy" for manual paddy transplanter. Hence, the field capacity with manual paddy transplanter was 5 times more as compared to traditional method of transplanting. The working heart rate (WHR) with manual paddy transplanter for male workers was 0.82 more as compared to traditional paddy transplanting.

Keywords

Physiological Cost, Drudgery, Paddy Transplanting, Manual Paddy Transplanter, BPDS, ODR.

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C. R. Kavitkar ¹, V. V. Aware ¹, M. R. Patil ¹, P. U. Shahare ¹, K. G. Dhande ¹, N. A. Shirsat ¹, S. V. Aware ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. B.S.Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

This field experiment was conducted at Agronomy field, DBSKKV, Dapoli. Three different ages of nursery as 21, 28 and 35 DAS were taken for study. Plant and field parameters were measured during operation with manual paddy transplanter (hand cranked). The 21 (DAS) nursery required less time (25 min) for upischolar_maining and preparing ischolar_main washed seedlings from area of 1 m² as compared to that of for 28 (DAS) (35 min) and 35 (DAS) (42 min) nursery. Missing of hills were also less in 21 (DAS) nursery. The field capacity with existing manual paddy transplanter (hand cranking) was 0.020 ha/h for 21 (DAS) nursery, whereas, for 28 and 35(DAS) nursery it was found 0.018 ha/h and 0.019 ha/h, respectively. Hence, 21 (DAS) nursery was found suitable for manual paddy transplanter (hand cranking).

Keywords

Paddy Transplanter, Hand Cranking, Missing Hills, Field Capacity.

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G. B. Bhanage ¹, P. U. Shahare ¹, V. V. Aware ¹, J. S. Dekhale ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapholi, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishk Vidyapeeth, Dapholi, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Stripping is the process of removing the seeds from the plant and straw remained anchored to the soil. The main advantages of stripping is the increasing capacity of the combine harvester with reduced amount of material other than grain ratio (MOG) and power requirement for threshing and cleaning which promotes to develop small and light weight mechanism suitable for small and fragmented land. A laboratory stripper header mechanism (SHM) was developed for stripping paddy grains and collecting them in grain tank. It consisted of stripping rotor, stripping elements, hood, frame and grain tank. Two profiles of stripping elements viz., slender arrow head (A) and spaced slender arrow head (B) of stripping elements were used. The performance of the developed SHM was evaluated on specially developed test rig to study the effect of two levels of forward speed (1.65 and 2.25 km/h) and four levels of peripheral speed (16.95, 19.78, 22.6 and 25.45 m/s) on shattered and un-stripped grain loss was studied. It consisted of track, platform and crop holders. SHM was stationary and platform was movable on track. Minimum shattered grain loss of 5.78 per cent was obtained with stripping element A at 2.25 km/h forward speed and at 19.78 m/s peripheral speed. Minimum un-stripped grain loss of 0.84 per cent was obtained with stripping element A at 2.25 km/h forward speed and 25.45 m/s peripheral speed. The performance of the slender arrow head stripping element was found to be better as compared to spaced slender arrow head.

Keywords

Paddy, Stripping, Stripping Element, Test Rig, Grain Loss.

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R. V. Powar ¹, V. V. Aware ¹, A. A. Deogirikar ¹, S. V. Aware ¹, P. U. Shahare ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Kokan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

The study highlights the performance of different shelling machines used in Kokan region of Maharashtra. The effect of cashew nut size on performance of cashew nut shelling machines and there comparative differences between three shelling machines were studied. It was found that, the size of cashew nut had significant effect on the shelling efficiency of machine. The per cent shelling efficiency of the machine increased with increase in size of cashew nut. The manual operated shelling machine showed higher shelling efficiency as compared to traditional and improved power operated shelling machine. It is also observed that the improved power operated machine had lower uncut, breakage, higher whole kernel recovery and cashew nut picking efficiency as compared with traditional power operated and manual shelling machine. Operating cost of manual, traditional and improved power operated cashew nut shelling machine were 7, 3.12 and 2.31 Rs./kg, respectively. Operating cost of improved shelling machine was 66 per cent and 57.4 per cent higher as compared to manual and traditional power operated shelling machine, respectively. Improved power operated shelling machine saved monthly Rs. 21138/- as compared to manually operate shelling machine.

Keywords

Cashew Nut, Shelling Machines, Efficiency, Operating Cost.

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Amit A. Deogirikar ¹, V. V. Aware ¹, R. V. Powar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Power and Machinery, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Cashew is the one of the major horticultural crops in the Konkan Region of Maharashtra. Hence, the cashew processing industries are having good scope in this region. The usual trend is that the entrepreneurs here start their cashew processing unit on small scale and with the availability of funds they expand their unit. Hence, there is no logical expansion of the processing plants occur that ultimately add to the processing cost. The processing units which are set with proper planning can save time and motion and the cost of processing. This article presents the time and motion study of two cashew processing units one of which is gradually expanded while the other one is set up with proper planning. A theoretical attempt is made to improve the planning of the gradually expanded unit to reduce the time and motion.

Keywords

Cashew Nut Processing, Time Motion Study, Layout, Distance.

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R. V. Powar ¹, P. U. Shahare ¹, V. V. Aware ¹, A. A. Deogirikar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Kokan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.), IN

Abstract

This study highlights the energy consumption pattern of paddy cultivation practices followed in Kokan region of Maharashtra. The study data were collected from eight regional research stations of Balasaheb Sawant Kokan KrishiVidyapeeth, Dapoli. The net energy, specific energy, energy output input ratio,energy productivity and water productivity for paddy cultivation was found to be 61738.52 MJ/ha, 0.86 MJ/kg, 2.22, 1.16 kg/MJ and 9.33 kg/m³, respectively. The cost per energy input and cost per energy output was found to be 19.99 Rs./MJ, 0.8342 Rs./MJ, respectively. Diesel fuel contributed highest share of input energy for paddy cultivation. Seed (52 %) contributed highest share of output energy, it immediately followed by straw (48 %).The contribution of indirect energy (53.64 %) was higher than that of the direct energy (46.16 %). In direct energy, the highest share of diesel fuel (82 %) as well as in indirect energy chemical fertilizers (49 %) contributed highest share. The share of non renewable energy (72.86 %) was found to be more than that of renewable energy (27.14 %).Water contributed highest share (46 %) to renewable energy and it immediately followed by human energy (30 %) stand on second position.Diesel fuel (52 %) contributed highest share to non renewable energy used and it followed by chemical fertilizers (30 %). The costs of different sources of input energy used in paddy cultivation were 19.995 Rs./MJ and that of output energy from paddy cultivation was 0.8342 Rs./MJ.

Keywords

Energy Equivalent, Energy Indices, Energy Sources, Cost Economics.

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